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Response of Soybean (Glycine max. L.) to Different Rates of NP Fertilizer and Plant Population Densities at Jimma Zone, South Western Ethiopia

Published in Plant (Volume 10, Issue 1)
Received: 4 January 2022     Accepted: 21 January 2022     Published: 28 January 2022
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Abstract

Declining soil fertility status and poor agronomic practices, including minimum use of inorganic fertilizers and inappropriate plant population per hectare are the major reasons for low productivity of soybean. Therefore, the field experiment was conductedto evaluate the response of soybean to different rates of NP fertilizer and plant population density at Jimma South Western Ethiopia during 2015-2017 main cropping seasons. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with 4x4 factorial arrangements with four plant population densities; 333,333, 400,000, 200,000 and 166,666 plants ha-1, and four NP fertilizer rates; 23/23, 23/46, 46/46, 69/69 kg ha-1 N/P2O5. An interaction effect of plant population densities and NP fertilizer rates was observed for all parameters. The results indicated that as plant population density increased plant height, pod height, grain yield and above ground biomass significantly increased but number of pods per plant was decreased. As NP fertilizer rate increased slightly plant height, number of pods per plant, grain yield and significantly above ground biomass was increased. Significanthighest mean grain yield of 3724 kg ha-1 was obtained from the highest plant population density of 400,000 plants ha-1 (50x5cm). Further research must done to conclude the yield response of the crop to plant population density because the yield is significantly increasing up to 400,000 plants ha-1. Regarding the effect of NP fertilizer rates, the highest grain yield of 3477kg ha-1 was obtained from 69/69 kg ha-1 N/P2O5 which was statically at par with 46/46 kg ha-1 N/P2O5 fertilizer. In conclusions, plant population density of 400,000 plants ha-1 (50 cm inter row with 5 cm intra row spacing) with 46/46 kg ha-1 N/P2O5 fertilizer rate were determined for optimum production of soya bean in Jimma area and similar agro-ecologies of the country.

Published in Plant (Volume 10, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.plant.20221001.12
Page(s) 8-18
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Plant Population, Fertilizer Rate, Grain Yield and Spacing

References
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[2] Hailu M andKelemu K (2014). Trends in Soy Bean Trade in Ethiopia. Research Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Management, 3: 477–484.
[3] Central Statistical Agency (2019). Agricultural sample survey 2018/19, Volume I Report on area and production of major crops (private peasant holdings, main rainy season), June 2019, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[4] Argaw A (2014). Symbiotic effectiveness of inoculation with Bradyrhizobiumisolates on soybean [Glycine max (L.)] genotypes with different maturities. Springer plus 3: 1–13.
[5] Schlede H (1989). Distribution of acid soils and liming materials in Ethiopia. Note 326. Ethiopian Institute of Geological Surveys. Unpubl. Rep. Ethiopian Institute of Geological Surveys, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[6] Ball RA, Purcall LC and Vories ED (2000). Optimizing soybean plant population for a short-season production system in Southern USA. Crop Science, 40: 757-764.
[7] Batjes NH (1995). A global data set of soil pH properties. Technical Paper 27, International Soil Reference and Information Centre (ISRIC), Wageningen.
[8] Berhanu D (1980). A survey of studies conducted about soil resources appraisal andevaluation for rural development in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa. 70p.
[9] Tekalign M, and Haque I (1991). Phosphorus status of some Ethiopian soils, II. Forms and distribution of inorganic phosphates and their relation to available phosphorus. Tropical Agriculture, 68: 2-8.
[10] Donald CM (1962). "In search of yield." Journal of Australian Institute of Agricultural Science, vol. 28, pp. 171-178.
[11] CIMMYT (1988). From Agronomic Data to Farmer Recommendations: An Economics Training Manual. Completely revised edition. Mexico, D. F. 79p.
[12] Elmore RW (1991). Soybean cultivar response to planting rate and tillage. Agronomy Journal, 83: 829– 832.
[13] Kayhan FP, DutilleulP and Smith DL (1999). Soybean Canopy Development as Affected by Plant Population Density and Intercropping with Corn Fractal Analysis in Comparison with Other Quantitative Approaches, Crop Science Journal, 39: 1748-1791.
[14] Manral HS, Saxena SC (2003). Plant growth, yield attributes and grain yield of soyabean as affected by the application of inorganic and organic sources of nutrients. Bio-resourceTechnology, 92: 110-118.
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[16] Tola P (1995). Urea fertilizer and variety effect on vegetable soybean yield AVRDC- TOP 9th Training Report. AVRDC-TOP, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Cambodia PP. 1-3. University press Khartoum Sudan.
[17] Shafshak SE, Serf SA, Sharaf AE (1989). Yield and quality of soybean as effected by population density and plant distribution. Field Crop Abs. 42 (6): 4312.
[18] Getachew A, Ghizaw A and Sinebo W (2006). Yield performance and land-use efficiency of barley and faba bean mixed cropping in Ethiopian highlands. European Journal of agronomy, 25 (3), pp. 202-207.
[19] Nebret T (2012). Effect of nitrogen and sulphur application on yield components and yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) In Eastern Ethiopia. M.Sc. Thesis. Haramaya University of Agriculture, Haramaya. P. 23-25.
[20] Bashour I and Sayegh AH (2007). Methods of analysis for soils of arid and semi-arid regions. Published by foodand agricultural organization of United Nations, Rome.
[21] Edwards JT and Purcell LC (2005). Soybean yield and biomass responses to increasing plant population among diverse maturity groups: I. Agronomic characteristics. Crop Science, 45 (5): 1770-1777.
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[23] Prajapati LR, Patil and Patel BM (2003). Effect of integrated weed management and nitrogen levels on weeds and productivity of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Under north Gujarat conditions. Legume Research, 26: 77-84.
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    Sisay Gurmu, Eshetu Yadete, Muhidin Biya. (2022). Response of Soybean (Glycine max. L.) to Different Rates of NP Fertilizer and Plant Population Densities at Jimma Zone, South Western Ethiopia. Plant, 10(1), 8-18. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20221001.12

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    ACS Style

    Sisay Gurmu; Eshetu Yadete; Muhidin Biya. Response of Soybean (Glycine max. L.) to Different Rates of NP Fertilizer and Plant Population Densities at Jimma Zone, South Western Ethiopia. Plant. 2022, 10(1), 8-18. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20221001.12

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    AMA Style

    Sisay Gurmu, Eshetu Yadete, Muhidin Biya. Response of Soybean (Glycine max. L.) to Different Rates of NP Fertilizer and Plant Population Densities at Jimma Zone, South Western Ethiopia. Plant. 2022;10(1):8-18. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20221001.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.plant.20221001.12,
      author = {Sisay Gurmu and Eshetu Yadete and Muhidin Biya},
      title = {Response of Soybean (Glycine max. L.) to Different Rates of NP Fertilizer and Plant Population Densities at Jimma Zone, South Western Ethiopia},
      journal = {Plant},
      volume = {10},
      number = {1},
      pages = {8-18},
      doi = {10.11648/j.plant.20221001.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20221001.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.plant.20221001.12},
      abstract = {Declining soil fertility status and poor agronomic practices, including minimum use of inorganic fertilizers and inappropriate plant population per hectare are the major reasons for low productivity of soybean. Therefore, the field experiment was conductedto evaluate the response of soybean to different rates of NP fertilizer and plant population density at Jimma South Western Ethiopia during 2015-2017 main cropping seasons. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with 4x4 factorial arrangements with four plant population densities; 333,333, 400,000, 200,000 and 166,666 plants ha-1, and four NP fertilizer rates; 23/23, 23/46, 46/46, 69/69 kg ha-1 N/P2O5. An interaction effect of plant population densities and NP fertilizer rates was observed for all parameters. The results indicated that as plant population density increased plant height, pod height, grain yield and above ground biomass significantly increased but number of pods per plant was decreased. As NP fertilizer rate increased slightly plant height, number of pods per plant, grain yield and significantly above ground biomass was increased. Significanthighest mean grain yield of 3724 kg ha-1 was obtained from the highest plant population density of 400,000 plants ha-1 (50x5cm). Further research must done to conclude the yield response of the crop to plant population density because the yield is significantly increasing up to 400,000 plants ha-1. Regarding the effect of NP fertilizer rates, the highest grain yield of 3477kg ha-1 was obtained from 69/69 kg ha-1 N/P2O5 which was statically at par with 46/46 kg ha-1 N/P2O5 fertilizer. In conclusions, plant population density of 400,000 plants ha-1 (50 cm inter row with 5 cm intra row spacing) with 46/46 kg ha-1 N/P2O5 fertilizer rate were determined for optimum production of soya bean in Jimma area and similar agro-ecologies of the country.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Response of Soybean (Glycine max. L.) to Different Rates of NP Fertilizer and Plant Population Densities at Jimma Zone, South Western Ethiopia
    AU  - Sisay Gurmu
    AU  - Eshetu Yadete
    AU  - Muhidin Biya
    Y1  - 2022/01/28
    PY  - 2022
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20221001.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.plant.20221001.12
    T2  - Plant
    JF  - Plant
    JO  - Plant
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    EP  - 18
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2331-0677
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20221001.12
    AB  - Declining soil fertility status and poor agronomic practices, including minimum use of inorganic fertilizers and inappropriate plant population per hectare are the major reasons for low productivity of soybean. Therefore, the field experiment was conductedto evaluate the response of soybean to different rates of NP fertilizer and plant population density at Jimma South Western Ethiopia during 2015-2017 main cropping seasons. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with 4x4 factorial arrangements with four plant population densities; 333,333, 400,000, 200,000 and 166,666 plants ha-1, and four NP fertilizer rates; 23/23, 23/46, 46/46, 69/69 kg ha-1 N/P2O5. An interaction effect of plant population densities and NP fertilizer rates was observed for all parameters. The results indicated that as plant population density increased plant height, pod height, grain yield and above ground biomass significantly increased but number of pods per plant was decreased. As NP fertilizer rate increased slightly plant height, number of pods per plant, grain yield and significantly above ground biomass was increased. Significanthighest mean grain yield of 3724 kg ha-1 was obtained from the highest plant population density of 400,000 plants ha-1 (50x5cm). Further research must done to conclude the yield response of the crop to plant population density because the yield is significantly increasing up to 400,000 plants ha-1. Regarding the effect of NP fertilizer rates, the highest grain yield of 3477kg ha-1 was obtained from 69/69 kg ha-1 N/P2O5 which was statically at par with 46/46 kg ha-1 N/P2O5 fertilizer. In conclusions, plant population density of 400,000 plants ha-1 (50 cm inter row with 5 cm intra row spacing) with 46/46 kg ha-1 N/P2O5 fertilizer rate were determined for optimum production of soya bean in Jimma area and similar agro-ecologies of the country.
    VL  - 10
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Agronomy, Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Jimma, Ethiopia

  • Department of Agronomy, Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Jimma, Ethiopia

  • Department of Agronomy, Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Jimma, Ethiopia

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